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Swearing an oath on a reliquary and the sacrament. From the Bayeux Tapestry (c.1080). |
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Swearing an oath. From the Heidelberg Manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel (composed c. 1230). |
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Marriage and Land Grant. From the Catalan Liber Feudorum Maior, 13th century. |
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Pledges (by transferring a goblet and raising a hand). Hamburg Laws, 1495. |
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Homage. From the Wolfenbütteler Manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel (composed c. 1230). |